shasanko

kkvâ cÉvPxb evsjvi cÉ^g ài‚Z½cƒYÆ bicwZ| Aò AçGji BwZnvGm wZwb wewkÓ¡ Õ©vb `Lj KGi AvGQb| kkvâ ˆgvUvgywUfvGe 600 ˆ^GK 625 wLËÓ¡vGõi gGaÅ ivRZ½ KGib eGj aviYv Kiv nq| Zuvi 8g I 10g ivRÅvsGK cÉKvwkZ `ywU wjwc cvIqv ˆMGQ ˆgw`bxcyi ˆ^GK ‰es ZvwiLwenxb Aci ‰KwU wjwc LoMcyGii wbKU ‰M&iv nGZ AvweÓ•‡Z nGqGQ| ‰Qvov kkvGâi AaxbÕ© MévGgi (DwolÅv) ivRv gvaeegÆvi ZvgËkvmb (619 wLËÓ¡vGõi), nlÆeaÆGbi euvkGLiv I gayeb ZvgËkvmb ‰es Kvgi…Gci ivRv fvÕ•i egÆGbi wbavbcyi ZvgËkvmb ˆ^GK Zuvi mÁ·GKÆ Rvbv hvq| kkvGâi DrKxYÆ Õ¼YÆ I ˆiŒcÅgy`ËvI cvIqv ˆMGQ| ൦G`i cZb I kkvGâi DïvGbi gaÅeZÆx mgGq evsjvq ˆek wKQy Õ¼vaxb kvmGKi D«¿e NGU| ‰uG`i AwÕ¦Z½ mÁ·GKÆ Rvbv hvq A͸ wKQy wjwc ‰es Õ¼YÆ gy`Ëvi wfwîGZ| ˆivnZvmMGo cÉvµ¦ wmGji QuvGP wjwLZ ‘kÉx gnvmvg¯¦ kkvâ’, evYfGëi mgmvgwqK mvwnZÅ DcKiY, ŠPwbK Zx^Æhvòx wnDGqb-mvs ‰i weeiY ‰es ˆeŒ«¬ Mɯ©AvhÆgéykÉxgƒjK͸ kkvGâi BwZnvGmi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Drm|

kkvGâi cÉv^wgK Rxeb mÁ·GKÆ AwZ A͸ Z^Å Rvbv hvq| aviYv Kiv nq ˆh, wZwb ˆivnZvmMGoi gnvmvg¯¦ wnGmGe KYÆmyeGYÆi ˆMŒo ivRvi AaxGb wKQyw`b ivRÅ kvmb KGib| KYÆmyeGYÆi ˆMŒo ivRv wQGjb mÁ¿eZ ˆgŒLix esGki cÉwZwbwa| KYÆmyeGYÆi Aci ‰KRb ivRv RqbvM kkvGâi mgmvgwqK eGj cÉZxqgvb nq| eÕ§Z KYÆmyeYÆ wQj kkvGâi ivRavbx ‰es ‰ weLÅvZ bMix AewÕ©Z wQj cwøgeGãi gywkÆ`vev` ˆRjvq ivRevwoWvãv i (iî×g†wîKv gnvwenvGii cÉðÕ©j A^ev AvaywbK ivãvgvwU) mw®²KGU wPi‚wU ˆij ˆÕ¡kGbi KvGQ|

wjwcgvjv ‰es mvwnwZÅK mƒGò kkvâ ˆMŒGoi kvmK wnGmGe ewYÆZ nGqGQb| msKxYÆ AG^Æ c«Âv I fvMxi^x b`xi gaÅeZÆx AçjB ˆMŒo| wK¯§ mgGqi weeZÆGb ‰K weÕ¦†Z ‰jvKv ‰i A¯¦fzÆî× nq| kwî×mãg Z¯¨MÉG¯©i 7g cUj ‘mUcçlGókwefvM’-‰ ejv nGqGQ ˆh, ˆMŒGoi mxgvbv eãG`k nGZ fzeGbk (DwolÅvi fzeGbk¼i) chƯ¦ weÕ¦†Z nGqwQj| ‰wU AmÁ¿e bq ˆh, ˆjLK kkvGâi ivRÅmxgv, hv DwolÅvi ‰KwU AskGKI A¯¦fzÆî× KGiwQj, wP¯¦v KGiB ˆMŒo ˆ`Gki weÕ¦†wZi eYÆbv w`GqGQb|

cÉZů¦ AçGj ài‚Z½cƒYÆ AMÉMwZi mGã ൦ mvgËvGRÅi a»sm I cZb AvKwÕÃK hyMcr msNUb| AGbK AcwiwPZ ‰jvKv, ˆhàwj mÁ¿eZ ˆMvò cÉavbMY kvmb KiGZb ‰es ˆhLvGb RbemwZ wQj nvjKv, HwZnvwmK LÅvwZ ARÆb KGi| ‰ ‰jvKvàwji gGaÅ wQj cwøgeã, Dîi DwolÅv ‰es gaÅcÉG`k msj™² ‰jvKvi (ˆQvUbvMcyi gvjf„wgi Ask «¼viv MwVZ) jvjgvwU Açj, ˆhLvGb Pvlvev` I emevm Kiv ˆek KÓ¡mvaÅ|

‰ cwiGcÉwÞGZ kkvâ fviGZi wewf®² AsGk Zuvi ivR‹bwZK cÉfve mÁcÉmviGYi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGib| Zuvi cÉ^g KvR wQj ˆgŒLixG`i `†p wbq¯¨Y ˆ^GK gMa gyî× Kiv| kkvâ Zuvi wgò gvjGei ivRv ˆ`e൦GK mGã wbGq cylÅf„wZ ivR cÉfvKieaÆGbi RvgvZv ˆgŒLix ivR MÉnegÆvi wei‚G«¬ hyG«¬ wjµ¦ nb| MÉnegÆv ˆ`eàGµ¦i nvGZ wbnZ nb| ‰ici cÉfvKieaÆGbi ˆRÅÓ¤ cyò ˆeŒ«¬ agÆgZvejÁ¼x ^vGbk¼i ivR ivRÅeaÆb ˆ`eàGµ¦i wei‚G«¬ AMÉmi nb ‰es ˆ`e൦GK civwRZ I wbnZ KGib| wK¯§ ˆ`eàGµ¦i wgò kkvGâi mGã ‰K msNGlÆ ivRÅeaÆb wbnZ nb|

AwaKvsk cwíZ ˆMŒGoi ivRv kkvGâi mGã ivRÅeaÆGbi mvÞvGZi welqwU mZÅ eGj aGi wbGjI kkvGâi nvGZ ivRÅeaÆGbi g†ZzÅi AwfGhvM ‰woGq hvb| evYfGëi gGZ, ivRÅeaÆb Lye mnGRB gvjGei ŠmbÅevwnbxGK mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe civwRZ KGib ‰es wZwb ‘ˆMŒGoi ivRvi wg^Åv DcPvGi Avk¼Õ¦ nGq wbiÕ¨ I ‰KvKx AeÕ©vq kò‚ wkweGi wbnZ nb’| ŠPwbK Zx^Æhvòx wnDGqb-mvs ‰KB aiGbi eYÆbv ˆ`b| kkvGâi kò‚i g†ZzÅi cÉK‡Z cwiwÕ©wZ mÁ·GKÆ weÕ¦vwiZ ZG^Åi Afve iGqGQ| ZvB ivRÅeaÆGbi cÉwZ kkvGâi AvPiY weGkÏlY Kiv AmÁ¿e| wbGRi c†Ó¤GcvlGKi fvBGqi g†ZzÅGZ MfxifvGe ˆkvKvnZ evYfë ‰es ˆeŒ«¬ aGgÆi cÉwZ weGkl AbyivMx I nlÆeaÆGbi cÉwZ eÅwî×MZfvGe K‡Zæ wnDGqb-mvs DfGqB ZvG`i gGbvfvGei RbÅ mycwiwPZ| mÁ¿eZ ‰ KviGYB ivRÅeaÆGbi g†ZzÅ mÁ·wKÆZ weeiY `vGb AvGeM cÉkwgZ KiGZ Zuviv eÅ^Æ nGqGQb|

ˆKvb ˆKvb cwíZ gGb KGib ivRÅeaÆb Lye mÁ¿e kkvGâi mGã kvw¯¦ AvGjvPbvq cÉÕ§Z wQGjb ‰es ‰ KviGYB wZwb kò‚ wkweGi AvMgb KGib| nlÆiwPGZi PZz`Æk kZvõxi eÅvLÅvKvi kâi DGÍÏL KGib ˆh, ˆMŒGoi ivRv kkvâ ivRÅeaÆbGK Avg¯¨Y Rvbvb ivRÅeaÆGbi mGã wbR KbÅvi weevn msò×v¯¦ AvGjvPbvi RbÅ| welqwU KZUzKz mZÅ Zv wbwøZ KGi ejv ˆek KwVb, ˆKbbv kâGii cÉ`î ‰ ZG^Åi Drm mÁ·GKÆ wKQy ejv nq wb| nlÆeaÆGbi wjwc Drm euvkGLiv ZvgËkvmGb DrKxYÆ ivRÅeaÆGbi g†ZzÅ mÁ·wKÆZ Z^Å chÆvµ¦ bq| wK¯§ evYfë I wnDGqb mvs-‰i weeiGYi gvaÅGg m†Ó¡ cwiwÕ©wZ DckwgZ nq hLb euvkGLiv ZvgËkvmGb ‰ Z^Å cvIqv hvq ˆh, nlÆeaÆGbi fvB ivRÅeaÆb ‘mZÅvbyGivGa’ kò‚i evmfeGb cÉvY ZÅvM KGib| AekÅ ‰LvGbI kò‚i bvg cÉKvk Kiv nq wb| ‰ ˆ^GK gGb nq ˆh, Amgvµ¦ kvw¯¦ AvGjvPbvi ˆRi aGiB ivRÅeaÆGbi g†ZzÅ NGU| wK¯§ ‰ `yNÆUbvi RbÅ kkvGâi eÅwî×MZ `vwqZ½ wbwøZfvGe wbaÆviY Kiv hvq bv|

‰ NUbvi ci ivRÅeaÆGbi KwbÓ¤ övZv ^vGbk¼Gii wmsnvmGb AvGivnYKvix nlÆeaÆb wecyj ŠmGbÅevwnbx wbGq kkvâGK kvwÕ¦ w`GZ AMÉmi nb ‰es kkvGâi cƒeÆ mxgvG¯¦i cÉwZGekx Kvgi…c ivR fvÕ•iegÆGbi (evYfë DwÍÏwLZ Kzgvi) mGã Šgòx ˆRvU MGo ˆZvGjb| evYfë mƒGò Rvbv hvq, nlÆeaÆb fvwíi Ici ˆmbvevwnbxi `vwqZ½ AcÆY KGi wbGR we®¬Å ceÆGZi RãGj Zuvi ˆevb ivRÅkÉxGK D«¬vi KvGR eÅÕ¦ wQGjb| ˆevbGK D«¬vGii ci wZwb wbR ŠmbÅ`Gji mGã wgwjZ nb| ‰ici nlÆeaÆb ˆevb ivRÅkÉxi AbygwZ wbGq KvbÅKzGôi (KGYŒR) wmsnvmGb AvGivnb KGib| fvwíi ŠmbÅevwnbxi AMÉMwZ mÁ·GKÆ Avi wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| wK¯§ ‰ welGq ˆKvb mG±`n ˆbB ˆh, kkvâ ˆkŒhÆ-exGhÆi mGãB Zuvi ivRÅ kvmb AeÅvnZ ivGLb| kkvâ Dîi DwolÅv ‰es evsjv e-«¼xcvçGji `wÞYvskI Zuvi mvgËvRÅfzî× KGib| nlÆeaÆb Zuvi kvmGbi ˆkl w`GK 640-43 wLËÓ¡vGõ `wÞY-cƒeÆ wenvi I DwolÅvq cÉvavbÅ cÉwZÓ¤v KGib ‰es ‰KB mgGq fvÕ•iegÆb ivRavbx bMi KYÆmyeYÆ AwaKvi KGib eGjI gGb nq| ‰ mKj NUbv mÁ¿eZ kkvGâi g†ZzÅi ciB NGUwQj, ˆKbbv ZZw`Gb ˆMŒGoi kwî×i cZb nGqGQ ‰es kkvâ mÁ·GKÆI ˆZgb wKQy ˆkvbv hvwœQj bv| wK¯§ ˆeŒ«¬ Mɯ©AvhÆgéykÉxgƒjK͸-‰ cyíËeaÆGbi hyG«¬ nGlÆi nvGZ kkvGâi civRGqi Kvwnbx ‰es kkvGâi 17 eQGii ivRZ½Kvj mÁ·GKÆ hv ejv nGqGQ, Zv mgmvgwqK Aci ˆKvb Drm «¼viv mgw^ÆZ bq| eis AwZ mÁcÉwZ `wÞY ˆgw`bxcyi nGZ AvweÓ•‡Z kkvGâi wkjvwjwcGZ `ífzwî× RbcG`i AwÕ¦GZ½i DGÍÏL iGqGQ, hv ˆgw`bxcyi I DwolÅvi AskweGkl wbGq MwVZ wQj|

nlÆeaÆb cÉ^gw`GK Ške aGgÆi Abymvix wQGjb, wK¯§ axGi axGi wZwb ˆeŒ«¬ aGgÆi ‰KRb gnvb c†Ó¤GcvlGK cwiYZ nb| ˆeŒ«¬ aGgÆi ‰KRb ‰Kv¯¦ AbyivMx wnGmGe wZwb gnvhvb gZev` cÉPvGi KGYŒGR ‰K wekvj msMxwZ Avn»vb KGib| nlÆeaÆb eËvþYG`i weG`Ëvn AZů¦ wbÓ¤zifvGe `gb KGiwQGjb eGj Kw^Z AvGQ| KGYŒGRi ci wZwb cÉqvGMI Abyi…c wekvj ˆeŒ«¬ msMxwZi AvGqvRb KGib| KGYŒR I cÉqvGMi ˆeŒ«¬ mgvGeGk wnDGqb-mvs ‰es mxgv¯¦eZÆx mKj ivGRÅi ivRv, g¯¨x, AwfRvZ cÉgyL Ask ˆbb| ˆeŒ«¬ aGgÆi cÉwZ wei…c gGbvfvevc®² kkvâGK kvGqÕ¦v Kivi RbÅB ˆevwaÕ¼GZ½i wbG`ÆGk nGlÆi R¯Ã nGqGQ eGj wnDGqb-mvs weGklfvGe DGÍÏL KGib| wZwb kkvGâi KGqKwU ˆeŒ«¬ agÆweGivax KvRKGgÆi D`vniYI ZzGj aGib|

wK¯§ bvj±`vq AewÕ©Z ˆeŒ«¬ wek¼we`ÅvjGqi ( bvj±`v gnvwenvi ) DGÍÏLGhvMÅ AMÉMwZ, ˆhLvGb wnDGqb-mvs wbGRI ˆek wKQyw`b ˆjLvcov KGiwQGjb, ‰es kkvGâi ivRavbx kni KYÆmyeGYÆi DcKG¥¤ iî×g†wîKv gnvwenvimn ˆek wKQy msLÅK ˆeŒ«¬ gGVi AwÕ¦Z½ ˆ^GK wnDGqb-mvs cÉ`î Z^Å mwVK bq eGj gGb nq| AbÅw`GK nlÆeaÆGbi c†Ó¤GcvlKZv jvfKvix ŠPwbK Zx^Æhvòx wnDGqb-mvs Zuvi c†Ó¤GcvlGKi kò‚ kkvâ mÁ·GKÆ ejGZ wMGq nGlÆi cÉwZ Mfxi cÞcvwZZ½ KGiGQb eGj gGb nq| ˆMŒovwaGci (kkvGâi bvg DwÍÏwLZ nq wb; kkvâ A^Æ ‘wke’, Avi mÁ¿eZ evYfë wbGRI Ške gZvejÁ¼x wQGjb) wei‚G«¬ nlÆeaÆGbi mfvKwe evYfë KU„wî×cƒYÆ fvlv ˆhgb ‘ˆMŒofzRã’ ev ‘ˆMŒovag’ BZÅvw` eÅenvi KGi kkvGâi cÉwZ N†Yv cÉKvk KGib| ‰wU mZÅ ˆh, kkvâ wQGjb eËvþYÅ aGgÆi ‰KRb kwî×kvjx c†Ó¤GcvlK ‰es Ške aGgÆi cÉwZ ‰Kv¯¦ AbyivMx| abx ewYK ˆkÉYx ‰es Zuvi RvZkò‚ nlÆeaÆGbi c†Ó¤GcvlKZv jvfKvix ˆeŒ«¬ aGgÆi cÉwZ Zuvi ˆKvb mnvbyf„wZ wQj bv| AmÁ¿e bq ˆh, ZrKvjxb ˆeŒ«¬ mÁcÉ`vGqi Abyf„wZ ‰GZ AvnZ nGqwQj|AcicGÞ ˆeŒ«¬ aGgÆi cÉwZ nlÆeaÆGbi AbyivM ‰es eËvþYÅevG`i cÉwZ wew«¼Ó¡ gGbvfve (‰ cÉmGã KGYŒR mgvGeGki mgq wecyj msLÅK eËvþYGK b†ksmfvGe `gb Kivi NUbv DGÍÏL Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi) wn±`yaGgÆi AbymvwiMYGK nZvk KGi ‰es Zviv wecyj msLÅvq cƒeÆ fviGZi w`GK Awfevmb KGi| wnDGqb-mvs Kvgi…Gc ˆek wKQy wkwÞZ eËvþGYi PGj hvIqvi K^v DGÍÏL KGiGQb| ˆek wKQy eËvþY Kvgi…Gc emevGmi RbÅ fvÕ•iegÆGbi KvQ ˆ^GK f„wg`vb jvf KGib| KzjwR MÉG¯© KGYŒGRi ˆek wKQy eËvþGYi evsjvq AwfevmGbi DGÍÏL iGqGQ| mihƒ (Dîi cÉG`k) ZxieZÆx Açj ˆ^GK evsjvi w`GK MÉnwecÉMGYi AwfevmGbi M͸, mÁ¿eZ kkvGâi Avg¯¨GY, ‰ cÉmGã DGÍÏL Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| cÉv^wgK chÆvGq evsjv I Kvgi…Gc mv`Gi M†nxZ nGjI ‰B wecyj Awfevmb ˆkl chƯ¦ ‰ `yG`Gki Av^Æ-mvgvwRK AeÕ©vi Ici wei…c cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi| ˆeŒ«¬ agÆvejÁ¼x cvj ivRvG`i kvmbKvGj wewf®² ˆkÉYxi gGaÅ ˆgjvGgkv, AvPvi-AvPiY I ixwZ-bxwZi ˆÞGò mvgvwRK evav ˆZgb ‰KUv wQj bv; wK¯§ eËvþYÅevG`i ˆMvov mg^ÆK ˆmb ivRvG`i mgq cÉejfvGe ‰mKj evav we`Ågvb wQj| ‰i dGj wewf®² ˆkÉYxi gvbyGli gGaÅ `ƒiZ½ e†w«¬ cvq| mgvGR wbÁ² AÕ·†kÅ I A¯¦ÅR ˆkÉYxi Dïvb ò×gk cÉKU nGq IGV|  [wc.ˆK fëvPvhÆ]Mɯ©cwé  RC MAJUMDAR (ed), History of Bengal, Dacca, 1943; SUDHIR R DAS, Rajbadidabga, Calcutta, 1962; RC MAJUMDAR, History of Ancient Bengal, Calcutta, 1971;  PK BHATTACHARYYA, ‘Two Interesting Coins of Sasanka’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, London, 2, 1979.
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