Permanent Sattlement

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‰me weG`Ëvn I cÉwZGiva AvG±`vjGbi KviGY wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ eÅeÕ©vi AeÞq ÷i‚ nq| Õ¼Z½vwaKvix Z^v Rwgi gvwjK ˆkÉYxàwj ivqZ ev cÉRvG`i Ici ZvG`i wbq¯¨Y nvivGZ ^vGK| ivqZMY RwgGZ ZvG`i AwaKvGii cGÞ ˆmvœPvi nq| Rwg`viMY weG`Ëvnx ivqZG`i mvgvj w`GZ bv ˆcGi ZvG`i k†›Ljvq wdwiGq wbGq AvmGZ miKvGii mvnvhÅ, ‰gbwK, cÉGqvRGb weG`Ëvn kv¯¦ Kivi RbÅ mvgwiK evwnbxi mvnvhÅ Pvq| DcwbGek I mvgËvRÅ iÞvi KviGY ‰i cÉGqvRb ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| K‡lKG`i cÉwZev`-AvG±`vjb mÁ·wKÆZ cÉvq mKj miKvwi cÉwZGe`Gb Rwg`vi ˆkÉYxi `yeÆj AeÕ©vi K^v, weGkl KGi, ‰i `vwi`ËveÕ©vi DGÍÏL Kiv nq| DîivwaKvi AvBGbi KviGY ZvjyKàwji wefwî× I cybweÆfvRb NGU| ‰QvovI cvwievwiK Kjn, weev`-wemÁ¼v`, Rwg`vwiGZ AbycwÕ©wZi cÉeYZv, gaÅÕ© eG±`veÕ¦ m†wÓ¡, Õ¼Z½vwaKvixi AKvj g†ZzÅ, eÅqevüjÅ I mÁ·wKÆZ AviI bvbvwea KviGY Rwg`vi ˆkÉYx KvVvGgvwU AeÞGqi KeGj cGo| Dwbk kZGKi cÉ^g 25 eQGi gaÅÕ¼Z½ ev gaÅÕ© eG±`veÕ¦avix eÅwî×G`i AeqGe ‰K AeÕ©vc®² I cÉZÅqx Avevw` gaÅweî ˆkÉYx, ˆRvZ`vi, nvIjv`vi I AbÅvbÅ weîevb K‡lGKi ‰KbvMvGo AvwefÆve NUGZ ^vGK|

LvRbv AvBb 1859  cwiwÕ©wZ ‰wMGq Pjvi gyGL K‡lK mgvRGK, weGkl KGi, Õ¼Z½vwaKvix abx PvwlG`i Avi DGcÞv Kiv miKvGii cGÞ mÁ¿e nGjv bv| wmcvwn weµÏe I Zvi KvQvKvwQ mgGq AbywÓ¤Z bxjPvwlG`i weG`ËvnRwbZ ˆMvjGhvGMi KviGY cÍÏx RbcG`i Õ¼v^Æ AviI DGcwÞZ nIqvi wec` mÁ·GKÆ miKvi mRvM nGq IGV| mvgËvwRÅK cÉGqvRGb AbyMZ Rwg`viG`i iÞvi ZvwM` wQj Ri‚wi| hyMcr cÉwZev`x K‡lKKzjGK iÞvI nGq `uvovq ivR‹bwZK evaÅevaKZv| ‰B Dcjwº¬i wÕ©i cÉKvk NGU 1859 mGb LvRbv AvBb cvk nIqvi gGaÅ| ‰B AvBGb A¯¦Z ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆkÉYxi ivqGZi AwaKvGii Õ¼xK‡wZ `vGbi cÉqvm jÞÅ Kiv hvq| ivqZG`iGK HwZnÅMZ avivq Ly`Kk&ZÕ¦ I cvBKvkZv bvGg `ywU ˆkÉYxGZ fvM Kiv nGZv| ‰Lb ‰mGei cwieGZÆ PvwlmgvRGK AvBbMZfvGe I LvRbv AvBGbi AvIZvq wZbwU eGMÆ ev MÉ‚Gc wefî× Kiv nq| ‰àwj nGjv: K. cvBKvkZv wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i 3bs aviv Abyhvqx wbaÆvwiZ nvGii LvRbvq RwgiÞK ivqZ; L. f„wg `LGj ivLvi ivqZ A^Ævr 12 eQGiiI ˆewk mgq RwgGZ `Lj`vi ivqZ (6 bs aviv), ‰es M. RwgGZ `LjvwaKvi ˆbB ‰gb ivqZ| ‰B ivqZG`i wbq¯¨GYi RbÅ LvRbv cvëv c«¬wZi cybtcÉeZÆb Kiv nq| ‰Lb ˆ^GK LvRbv cwiGkvGai welqwU cvëvi kZÆvewj «¼viv wbaÆvwiZ nGZ ^vGK| ‰GZ evwlÆK LvRbvi cwigvY (bM` ev eÕ§GZ) wbw`ÆÓ¡ KGi ˆ`Iqv nq hvi AwZwiî× ˆKvb AveIqve AvGivGci AwaKvi Rwg`viG`i iBj bv| ‰ aiGbi AveIqve AvGivc ‰Lb ˆ^GK `íGhvMÅ Aciva (2bs aviv) eGj MYÅ nq| ndZg AvBGb (1799-‰i 7bs cÉweavb) Rwg`viMY cÉ`î ÞgZv Abyhvqx ˆhGKvb ˆkÉYxi ivqZGK KvPvwiGZ nvwRi nGZ evaÅ KiGZ I LvRbv ˆLjvwc nevi RbÅ ZvG`iGK kvixwiKfvGe wbM†nxZ KiGZ cviGZb (11 bs aviv)| Rwg`viMY ZvG`i ‰B ÞgZv ˆ^GKI ewçZ nq| LvRbv AvBGbi AvIZvq Rwg`vi KZƆK cÉ^g ˆkÉYxi (KvGqwg) ivqZG`i hvG`i LvRbv wPiÕ©vwqfvGe wbw`ÆÓ¡ ZvG`i LvRbv e†w«¬ wbwl«¬ Kiv nq| Rwg`vwi wewbGqvM, `ËeÅgƒjÅ e†w«¬ BZÅvw` KviY cÉ`kÆb bv KGi `Lj`vi ivqGZi LvRbv e†w«¬i ÞgZvI Rwg`viiv nvivb| A-`Lj`vi ivqGZi Rwgi Nb Nb LvRbvI e†w«¬ e®¬ KGi ˆ`Iqv nq|

H mgq bvMv` miKvwi mg^ÆGbi Ici AwZ wbfÆikxj Rwg`viG`i ‰B LvRbv AvBGbi weGivwaZv Kivi gGZv mvnm wQj bv| ZGe Zviv ‰B AvBb DGcÞv Kivi ˆPÓ¡v KGi| Zviv fvj KGiB RvbGZv ˆh AvBb gvGbB Zv meÆ`v ejer-ˆhvMÅ bq| Zviv AvGMi gGZvB Rwgi LvRbv evwoGq ˆhGZ ^vGK| ‰iciI ˆLjvwc ivqZG`i AvGMi gGZvB KvPvwiGZ ˆWGK wbGq eGKqv Av`vGqi RbÅ ZvG`i Ici wbhÆvZb PjGZ ^vGK| `LwjÕ¼Z½I mPivPi AÕ¼xKvi Kiv nq| dGj Rwg`vi I cÉRvi mÁ·GKÆ `Ë‚Z AebwZ NGU, hvi eÅvwµ¦ ˆevSv hvq 1870 ‰es 1880 `kGKi eÅvcK K‡lK AmG¯¦vl ˆ^GK|

eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb, 1885  1870-‰i `kGKi ò×geaÆgvb K‡lK AmG¯¦vl miKvGii RbÅ Av^ÆivR‹bwZK KviGY hG^Ó¡ DG«¼GMi KviY nGq IGV| 1879 mGb Rwg`vi-cÉRvi (ivqZ/Pvwl) gaÅKvi DGîRbvKi mÁ·GKÆi welGq Z`¯¦ KGi I ˆm welGq miKvGii KvGQ cÉwZKvigƒjK mycvwikgvjv ˆck Kivi RbÅ ‰KwU LvRbv Kwgkb MwVZ nq| ‰B LvRbv KwgkGbi cÉwZGe`b mƒGòB 1885 mGbi eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi D«¿e NGU| ‰B AvBGb cÉ^gevGii gGZv Rwgi mGeÆvœP Õ¼Z½vwaKvix ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi meÆwbÁ²Õ¦Gi RwgPvwl A^Ævr RwgGZ Õ¼v^Æavix wewf®² cGÞi AwaKviàwj msævwqZ Kivi cÉqvm ˆbIqv nq| evÕ¦weKcGÞ, ‰B AvBb Rwg`vGii ÞgZv I myGhvM-myweav hG^Ó¡ QuvUvB KGi ˆ`q|

eãxq LvRbv AvBb wbtmG±`Gn wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i gƒj KvVvGgvGZ hG^Ó¡ cwieZÆb Avbqb KGi| ‰Lb ˆ^GK Rwg`vi RwgGZ AbÅZg Õ¼v^ÆGMvÓ¤x nGq IGVb gvò, hw`I wZwb me Õ¼v^Æavixi ˆPGq ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe D®²ZZi Õ¼v^Æavix wnGmGeB ˆ^GK hvb| ZGe ‰evi AvBb evÕ¦evqb Z^v ejer Kivi welGq miKvi Av¯¦wiKZv cÉ`kÆb KGib| eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGbi evÕ¦evqb wbweofvGe cwiexÞY Kiv nq I ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ‰B AvBb AZů¦ mvdGjÅi mGã ˆ`Gki cÍÏx AçGj kvw¯¦ cÉwZÓ¤vq mÞg nGqGQ|

1920-‰i `kGK Avevi K‡lK AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ nq| 1919 mGbi msweavb Abyhvqx wbeÆvPGb RGqi RbÅ cÉv^ÆxG`i MYmsGhvGMi cÉGqvRbxqZv AZÅvekÅK wQj| ‰B cÉGqvRGbi ZvwMG` mKj eo ivR‹bwZK `j ZvG`i wbR wbR `jxq msMVGbi K‡lK kvLv cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| K‡lK kvLvmsMVbàwj K‡wl LvGZ ˆhme mgmÅv PvwlG`i wechÆÕ¦ KiGQ ˆmàwj mÁ·GKÆ ZvG`iGK mRvM I mGPZb KGi ZzjGZ ˆPÓ¡v KGi| ‰fvGe ivqZ ev cÉRviv evgc¯©x msMÉvgx-KgÆxG`i «¼viv mwò×q I AwaKvimGPZb nGq IGV| Zviv eySGZ cvGi ˆh, ‰LbI Zviv Rwgi MvQ KvUv, ‰KUv wbaÆvwiZ ˆgqvG`i ˆewk mgGqi RbÅ Rwg e®¬K ivLv, Rwg Õ¼Z½vwaKvixi AbygwZ Qvov Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦i, ˆKvb cvKv KvVvGgv wbgÆvY, cyKzi Lbb BZÅvw`i eÅvcvGi ewçZ iGq ˆMGQ| ‰ mgÕ¦ KvGRi RbÅ Rwg`vGii AbyGgv`b cÉGqvRb nGZv Avi ejvevüjÅ, mvjvwg cwiGkva Qvov ‰GZ Rwg`vGii AbyGgv`b cvIqv ˆhZ bv| 1928 mGb msGkvabx ‰Gb ‰me ˆÞGò cÉvq mKj wewawbGla `ƒi Kiv nq| msGkvwaZ AvBGbi AvIZvq ivqZMY Rwg`vGii AbygwZ QvovB ZvG`i Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦Gii AwaKvi jvf KGi, ZGe nÕ¦v¯¦Gii RbÅ Rwg`viGK mvjvwg cÉ`vGbi weavb envj ˆ^GK hvq| Rwg`vGii H Rwg ˆKbvi AMÉvwaKviI envj ^vGK| Pvwliv Rwg`vGii AbygwZ QvovB ZvG`i RwgGZ MvQ I cyKzi KvUv ‰es cvKv KvVvGgv wbgÆvGYi AwaKvi jvf KGi|

wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i Aemvb  1935 mGbi fviZ kvmb AvBb cvk I ‰ AvBGbi evÕ¦evqb chÆvGq K‡lK ivRbxwZ bZzb KGi DóxwcZ nq| wewf®² ivR‹bwZK `j PvwlG`i mgmÅvàwjGK kvwbZ KGi ˆZvGj|K‡lK cÉRv cvwUÆ bvGg ‰K bZzb ivR‹bwZK `j MwVZ nq| ‰B `Gji `†p AãxKvi wQj cÉavbZ cÉRv ˆkÉYxi Õ¼v^ÆiÞv| ‰ `Gji ˆbZv ‰.ˆK dRjyj nK AãxKvi KGib, wZwb KLbI ÞgZvq ˆMGj wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ^v cyGivcywi wejyµ¦ KiGeb| 1937 mGb wZwb evsjvi miKvi MVb KGib| AwPGiB nK gw¯¨mfv f„wg ivRÕ¼ Kwgkb bvGg ‰KwU KwgwU (mvaviYfvGe, dÑvDW Kwgkb bvGg cwiwPZ) MVb KGib| ‰ KwgkGbi mywbw`ÆÓ¡ `vwqZ½ wQj wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ^vi Aemvb NUvGbv| AekÅ ‰B KwgkGbi KvQ ˆ^GK mycvwik cvIqvi AGcÞvq bv ˆ^GK nK gw¯¨mfv ZvG`i wbeÆvPKgíjxi bƒÅbZg m¯§wÓ¡i RbÅ 1938 mGbi eãxq cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBGb AvGiKwU msGkvabx (6bs AvBb) Avbqb KGi| ‰i AvIZvq mvjvwg eÅeÕ©v I ivqwZ Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦Gii ˆejvq Rwg`vGii ò×qvMÉvwaKvi wejyµ¦ Kiv nq ‰es eMÆv`vi ev fvMPvwlG`i ˆKvb ˆKvb AwaKviGK Õ¼xK‡wZ ˆ`Iqv nq| 1938 mGbi 6bs AvBbeGj cÉRviv ZvG`i Rwgi KvhÆZ Õ¼Z½vwaKvix nGq IGVb|

dÑvDW Kwgkb 1940 mGb Zvi cÉwZGe`b ˆck KGi| Kwgkb jÞÅ KGi ˆh, cwiewZÆZ cwiwÕ©wZi AvGjvGK Rwg`vwi eÅeÕ©v Avi envj ivLv hvq bv| Zviv ‰B Rwg`vwi I ˆmBmvG^ RwgGZ LvRbv Av`vqKvix mKj gaÅÕ© Õ¼v^Æavix cGÞi AwÕ¦Z½ wejyµ¦ Kivi mycvwik KGi| wK¯§ BGZvgGaÅ cÉRvÕ¼vG^Æi cÉeî×v dRjyj nK ivR‹bwZKfvGe `yeÆj nGq covq ‰B mvnwmK KvRwU mÁ·ƒYÆ KiGZ cvGib wb| dGj dÑvDW Kwgkb wiGcvUÆ AevÕ¦evwqZ ˆ^GK hvq|

DîieGãi ˆZfvMv AvG±`vjb ‰i (1946-47) NUbvcÉevn miKviGK ÕÃiY KwiGq ˆ`q ˆh, RvZxqZvev`x ev mvÁ·É`vwqK ivR‹bwZK gnGji ˆPGq wbcxwoZ K‡lKKzjB AGbK ˆewk f„wg msÕ•vGii cÞcvZx wQj| eÅvcK ˆZfvMv AvG±`vjGbi cÉwZwò×qv wnGmGe evsjv miKvGii ZrKvjxb cÉavb ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`ÆxAvBb wnGmGe AbyGgv`b KivGbvi RbÅ 1947 mGbi ˆMvovi w`GK `ywU wej AvBbmfvq Avbqb KGib| wej`ywU nGjv Rwg`vwi (ZvjyK) AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ wej ‰es eãxq eMÆv`vi (weavb) wej| ‰i DGókÅ wQj wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i wejywµ¦ I eMÆv`viG`i AeÕ©vbMZ ghÆv`vi D®²wZ weavb Kiv| ˆ`k wefvGMi ivRbxwZi KviGY wej `ywU ˆkl chƯ¦ AvBGb cwiYZ Kiv hvq wb| AekÅ ˆ`kwefvGMi ci ‰B wejàwjB ‰K bZzb wej AvKvGi ˆck Kiv nq| ‰B weGji bvg ˆ`Iqv nq cƒeÆeãxq Rwg`vwi AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ wej, 1948| H eQGii 16 wWGmÁ¼i wejwU 1950 mGbi cƒeÆeã Rwg`vwi AwaMÉnY I cÉRvÕ¼Z½ AvBb ‰ cwiYZ nq| ‰B AvBGbi AvIZvq ˆkl chƯ¦ wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉ^vi Aemvb NGU| ‰Lb ˆ^GK ivqZ ev cÉRvMY Rwgi gvwjK ev Õ¼Z½vwaKvix wnGmGe AwfwnZ nq| Avi miKvGii cÉRv wnGmGe miKviGKB Zviv mivmwi LvRbv cÉ`vb KiGZ ^vGK|  [wmivRyj Bmjvg]

War of Liberation 1971(gywî×hy«¬ 1971)

gywî×hy«¬   1971 mvGji 26 gvPÆ gywî×hy«¬ ÷i‚ nq ‰es H eQi 16 wWGmÁ¼i evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi gaÅ w`Gq ‰i cwimgvwµ¦ NGU| ‰B mkÕ¨ gywî×msMÉvg wQj wewf®² NUbv, wei…c cwiwÕ©wZ I ài‚Zi welGqi KviGY cƒeÆ I cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi gGaÅ mÁ·GKÆi ò×gvMZ AebwZi P„ov¯¦ ewntcÉKvk| 1947 mvGj weËwUkG`i wbKU ˆ^GK Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi ci ˆ^GKB cvwKÕ¦vGbi `yB cÉG`Gki gGaÅ ˆhme BmyÅGZ mÁ·GKÆi AebwZ NGU, ˆmàwji gGaÅ wQj f„wg msÕ•vi, ivÓ¡Ëfvlv, A^ÆbxwZ I cÉkvmGbi ˆÞGò `yB cÉG`Gki gGaÅ ŠelgÅ, cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmb, cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉwZiÞv ‰es ‰Z`&mswkÏÓ¡ AbÅvbÅ welq|

1970-‰i mvaviY wbeÆvPGb RvZxq cwilG` cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi 169wU AvmGbi 167wUGZB AvIqvgx jxM Rqjvf KGi ‰es AvIqvgx jxM ˆbZv ˆkL gywReyi ingvb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbMGYi ‰KK cÉwZwbwa wnGmGe Avwef„ÆZ nb| wZwbB nb cvwKÕ¦vGbi RvZxq cwilG`i msLvMwiÓ¤ `Gji ˆbZv| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vGbi mvgwiK I ˆemvgwiK ˆbZ‡Z½ msLvMwiÓ¤ AvIqvgx jxM I Zvi ˆbZv ˆkL gywRGei nvGZ ÞgZv nÕ¦v¯¦Gi AÕ¼xKvi KGi| 1971-‰i 7 gvPÆ ˆkL gywRe ˆh HwZnvwmK fvlY ˆ`b, ZvGZB cvwKÕ¦vbx mvgwiK Rv¯¦vi wbKU Zuvi gGbvfve Õ·Ó¡ nGq IGV| ‰ici ÷i‚ nq AmnGhvM AvG±`vjb| BGZvgGaÅ mgmÅv wbimGbi RbÅ ˆkL gywRe I Bqvwnqv LvGbi gGaÅ AvGjvPbv ÷iy nq| AvGjvPbv eÅ^Æ nGq hvq ‰es 1971 ‰i 25 gvPÆ gaÅivGZ cvwKÕ¦vbx ŠmbÅiv evOvwj nZÅvi KgÆhæ ÷i‚ KGi| cvwKÕ¦vb ˆmbvevwnbxGZ ˆhme evOvwj ŠmbÅ wQj Zviv ‰es Avav mvgwiK evwnbxi evOvwj m`mÅiv ZvrÞwYKfvGe RbMGYi gywî× AvG±`vjGbi mGã msnwZ cÉKvk KGi|

26 gvGPÆi cÉ^g cÉnGi A^Ævr 25 gvPÆ w`evMZ ivZ ‰KUvq cvwKÕ¦vb ˆmbvevwnbxGK evOvwjG`i Dci AcvGikb PvjvGbvi wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| ‘AcvGikb mvPÆ jvBU’ bvgK H cwiK͸bv Abyhvqx `ywU m`i`µ¦i Õ©vcb Kiv nq| ˆgRi ˆRbvGij ivI digvb Avjxi Zî½veavGb cÉ^g m`i`µ¦iwU MwVZ nq| ‰LvGb 57Zg weGMÉGWi weGMÉwWqvi AvieveGK ÷ay XvKv bMix I cvk¼ÆeZÆx ‰jvKvq ‰es ˆgRi ˆRbvGij Lvw`g ivRvGK cÉG`Gki AewkÓ¡vsGk AcvGikGbi `vwqZ½ ˆ`Iqv nq| AcvGikGbi mvweÆK `vwqGZ½ ^vGKb ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij wUØv Lvb |

MYnZÅv, 1971

Qvòiv ‰es Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ AvG±`vjbiZ ivR‹bwZK KgÆxiv KÅv´ŸbGgG´Ÿi evBGi cÉwZGiva MGo ˆZvGj| knGii wewf®² ‰jvKvq cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅG`i Awfhvb ˆVKvGZ ivÕ¦vq ivÕ¦vq cÉwZe®¬K ŠZwi Kiv nq| 25 gvPÆ ivGZB cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅiv IqviGjm emvGbv wRc I UÇvGK KGi XvKvi ivÕ¦vq ˆbGg cGo| ZvG`i cÉ^g muvGRvqv eniwU XvKvi KÅv´ŸbGg´Ÿ ˆ^GK ˆewiGq ‰K wKGjvwgUvGii gGaÅ dvgÆGMU ‰jvKvq eÅwiGKGWi gyGL cGo| ivÕ¦vi ‰cvk-Icvk RyGo ˆmLvGb ˆdjv wQj ‰K wekvj MvGQi Muywo| AGKGRv cyGivGbv Mvwo I APj Ó¡xg ˆivjviI eÅwiGKGWi KvGR eÅenvi Kiv nq| KGqKk ˆjvK cÉvq 15 wgwbU aGi ‘Rq evsjv’ ˆkÏvMvb ˆ`q| ZGe ˆmbvG`i àwj `Ë‚ZB ZvG`i wbÕ¦«¬ KGi ˆ`q, ˆmbveni knigq QwoGq ÷iy KGiMYnZÅv|

cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅiv ivÕ¦vq-dzUcvG^ hvGKB ˆ`LGZ cvq ZvGKB nZÅv KGi, mvgGb cov mewKQy a»sGmi ügwK ˆ`q| evQwePvi bv KGi knGii gvbyl I miKvwi-ˆemiKvwi me Nievwo wea»Õ¦ KGi PGl ˆeovq ŠmbÅG`i UÅvâ| Kvgvb I e±`yGKi ˆMvjvq a»sm KGi eny AvevwmK ‰jvKv, ˆmàwjGZ Avàb awiGq ˆ`q| ŠmbÅiv XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi AvevwmK njàwjGZ XzGK AGbK QvòGK b†ksmfvGe nZÅv KGi|
	kiYv^Æx, 1971

cyiGbv XvKvi wn±`y AayÅwlZ ‰jvKvàwjGZ Zviv nvgjv Pvjvq, AmsLÅ gvbyl nZÅv KGi, evwoNi cywoGq ˆ`q I jyUcvU KGi, gwnjvG`i alÆY KGi| wbiÕ¨ RbMGYi ‰B MYnZÅv Awfhvb weGk¼i msev` gvaÅgàwj cÉPvi KGi|

26 gvPÆ cvwKÕ¦vbx ŠmbÅiv ˆkL gywReyi ingvbGK ˆMÉdZvi KGi| cÉvq KvQvKvwQ mgGq PëMÉvGgi KvjyiNvU ˆeZviGK±`Ê ˆ^GK ˆgRi wRqvDi ingvb ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi cGÞ evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZvi ˆNvlYv ˆ`b| evsjvG`Gki mKj ‰jvKvq Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ Õ¼ZtÕ¹„ZÆ AfzÅïvb MGo IGV| ‰B AfzÅïvGb Ask ˆbq miKvwi KgÆKZÆv-KgÆPvix, ivR‹bwZK KgÆx, Qvò, kÉwgK, K‡lK, ˆckvRxex wbweÆGkGl mKj ˆkÉYxi gvbyl|

cvKevwnbxi Avò×gY I MYnZÅv ˆgvKvGejvi RbÅ MGo ˆZvjv cÉwZGiva cÉv^wgK chÆvGq ռ͸թvqx nq| kò‚‚ ˆmbviv msLÅvq AGbK I Zviv wQj AGbK AÕ¨kGÕ¨ mwäZ, ZvB gywî×Ghv«¬viv wbivc` AvkÉGqi RbÅ mxgv¯¦ AwZò×g KGi fviGZ PGj hvq| kxNËB QwoGq wQwUGq hvIqv wewœQ®² gywî×msMÉvgxG`i AÕ©vwqfvGe ‰KwU ‰KK KgvG´£i AaxGb Avbv nq|

cÉwkÞYiZ gywî×evwnbx

‰wcÉj gvGmi 4 ZvwiGL gywî×evwnbxi Ea»ÆZb KgÆKZÆviv Pv evMvGb cwie†Z Avav-cvnvwo ‰jvKv ˆZwjqvcvovq AewÕ©Z w«¼Zxq BÕ¡ ˆeãGji m`i`µ¦Gi ‰KwòZ nb| KGbÆj ‰g.‰.wR Imgvbx, ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ KGbÆj Ave`yi ie, ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ KGbÆj mvjvn Dwób ˆgvnvÁÃ` ˆiRv, ˆgRi KvRx byi‚ävgvb, ˆgRi LvGj` ˆgvkviid , ˆgRi byi‚j Bmjvg, ˆgRi kvdvZ Rvwgj, ˆgRi gBbyj ˆnvGmb ˆPŒayix ‰es AviI AGbGK ˆmLvGb DcwÕ©Z nb| ‰ mfvq PviRb wmwbqi Kgv´£viGK AcvGikGbi `vwqZ½ ˆ`Iqv nq| ˆgRi mwdDÍÏvnGK wmGjU-eËvþYevoxqv AçGji AwabvqGKi `vwqZ½ ˆ`Iqv nq| KzwgÍÏv-ˆbvqvLvwj AçGji AwabvqGKi `vwqZ½ cvb ˆgRi LvGj` ˆgvkviid| PëMÉvg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg AçGj ˆgRi wRqvDi ingvb‰es KzwÓ¡qv-hGkvi AçGji AwabvqK nb ˆgRi Avey Imgvb ˆPŒayix| ‰ mfvGZB gywî×hyG«¬ AskMÉnYKvix evwnbx mÁ·wKÆZ mvsMVwbK aviYv ‰es Kgv´£ KvVvGgvi i…cGiLv cÉYxZ nq| KGbÆj ‰g.‰.wR ImgvbxGK gywî×evwnbxi meÆgq ˆbZ‡Z½ ˆ`Iqv nq|

10 ‰wcÉj ZvRDwób AvnGg`‰i ˆbZ‡GZ½ AvbyÓ¤vwbKfvGe MYcÉRvZ¯¨x evsjvG`Gki ‰KwU cÉevmx miKvigywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq| ciw`bB cÉavbg¯¨x ZvRDwób Avng` AviI wZbRb AvçwjK AwabvqGKi bvg ˆNvlYv KGib| KÅvG¶Ÿb bIqvwRk iscyi AçGji, ˆgRi bvRgyj nK w`bvRcyi-ivRkvnx-cvebv AçGji ‰es ˆgRi ‰g.‰ Rwjj ewikvj-cUzqvLvwj AçGji AwabvqKZ½ cvb|
	wKGkvi gywî×Ghv«¬v

cÉwZwU AçjGK ‰GKKwU ˆmÙi wnGmGe wPwn×Z Kiv nq| 10 ˆ^GK 17 RyjvB AbywÓ¤Z ˆmÙi Kgv´£viG`i ‰K mGÁÃjGb AcvGikb PvjvGbvi myweavG^Æ mgMÉ evsjvG`kGK ‰MvGivwU ˆmÙi I wewf®² mve-ˆmÙGi wefî× Kiv nq|

fviGZi cÉavbg¯¨x Bw±`iv Mv®¬x 27 gvPÆ evOvwjG`i msMÉvGgi cÉwZ Zuvi miKvGii mnvbyf„wZ ævcb KGib| fviZxq mxgv¯¦ iÞxevwnbx (we‰m‰d) AZÅvPwiZ I fxZm¯¨Õ¦ evOvwjG`i wbivc` AvkÉq cÉ`vGbi jGÞÅ evOjvG`k-fviZ mxgv¯¦ D¯Ãyî× KGi ˆ`q| cwøgeã, wenvi, Avmvg, ˆgNvjq I wòcyiv ivGRÅi miKviàwj mxgv¯¦ eivei kiYv^Æx wkwei Õ©vcb KGi| ‰ wkweiàwj ˆ^GK ZvrÞwYKfvGe gywî×Ghv«¬vG`i evQvB Kiv nGZv| cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅG`i Kej ˆ^GK evsjvG`kGK gyî× Kivi A`gÅ evmbvq Qvò, K‡lK, kÉwgK I ivR‹bwZK KgÆxiv gywî×evwnbxGZ ˆhvM`vb KGi hyG«¬i ˆKŒkj, AÕ¨ Pvjbv I weGÕ¹viK mÁ·GKÆ cÉwkÞY MÉnY KGib| cÉwkÞY ˆkGl ZvG`i wewf®² ˆmÙGi kò‚i wei‚G«¬ jovBGq wbGqvwRZ Kiv nq| KjKvZvi 8 bs w^GqUvi ˆivGW evsjvG`k evwnbxi m`i`µ¦i Õ©vwcZ nq| 12 ‰wcÉj ˆ^GK ‰B m`i`µ¦i KvhÆò×g ÷i‚ KGi| ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ KGbÆj ‰g.‰ ie ‰es MÉ‚c KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰.ˆK L±`KviGK h^vò×Gg Pxd Ae Õ¡vd ‰es ˆWcywU Pxd Ae Õ¡vd wbGqvM Kiv nq|

cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅG`i wei‚G«¬ hyG«¬ evsjvG`Gki Afů¦Gi gywî×evwnbxi cvkvcvwk AviI AGbK evwnbx msMwVZ nq| ‰ mKj evwnbxi gGaÅ UvãvBGji KvG`i evwnbx, wmivRMGéi jwZd wgRÆv evwnbx, wSbvB`Gni AvKei ˆnvGmb evwnbx, dwi`cyGii ˆngvGqZ evwnbx, ewikvGji Kzóym ˆgvÍÏv evwnbx I Mdzi evwnbx ‰es gqgbwmsGni Avdmvi evwnbx I AvdZve evwnbx DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| ‰ mKj evwnbx Õ©vbxqfvGe msMwVZ nGq wbGRG`i kwî×GZ `Lj`vi evwnbxi wei‚G«¬ ˆek KGqKwU jovBGq wjµ¦ nq| meÆnviv cvwUÆi ˆbZv wmivR wkK`vi ewikvGj Zuvi evwnbxGK msMwVZ KGib| fviGZi ˆmbvevwnbxi ˆMwijv hy«¬ weGklæ ˆgRi ˆRbvGij IevGbi mwò×q mnGhvwMZvq gywRe evwnbx bvGg AvGiKwU evwnbx MwVZ nq| gywReevwnbxi m`mÅG`i ˆ`iv`yGb cÉwkÞY ˆ`Iqv nq| QvòjxM ˆbZ‡e†±` ˆkL dRjyj nK gwb, ˆZvdvGqj Avng`, Ave`yi ivävK ‰es wmivRyj Avjg Lvb wQGjb ‰B evwnbxi msMVK|

gywî×evwnbxi m`mÅiv wbqwgZ I AwbqwgZ `ywU fvGM wefî× wQj| AwbqwgZ evwnbx MYevwnbx bvGg cwiwPZ wQj| wbqwgZ evwnbxi A¯¦fzÆî× wQj BÕ¡ ˆeãj ˆiwRGg´Ÿ I cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb ivBGdjGmi ŠmbÅiv| Qvò, K‡lK, kÉwgK I ivR‹bwZK KgÆxG`i cÉv^wgK cÉwkÞGYi ci wewf®² ˆmÙGi MYevwnbxGZ wbGqvM Kiv nGZv|

MYevwnbxi m`mÅG`i evsjvG`Gki Afů¦Gi kò‚i wei‚G«¬ ˆMwijv hy«¬ cwiPvjbvi RbÅ cvVvGbv nq| wbqwgZ evwnbxi m`mÅiv mkÕ¨evwnbxi cÉ^vMZ hyG«¬ wbGqvwRZ wQGjb| ‘ˆRW ˆdvmÆ’ bvGg cwiwPZ wbqwgZ evwnbxi cÉ^g weËGMWwU RyjvB gvGm MwVZ nq| ‰B weËGMGWi Kgv´£vi ˆgRi wRqvDi ingvGbi bvGgi BsGiwR Av`ÅÞi ‘ˆRW’ AbymvGi weËGMWwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq| weËGMWwU 1g, 3q I 8g BÕ¡ ˆeãj ˆiwRGg´Ÿ wbGq MwVZ nq| ‘‰m ˆdvmÆ’ bvGg cwiwPZ w«¼Zxq wbqwgZ weËGMWwU w«¼Zxq I ‰Kv`k BÕ¡ ˆeãj ˆiwRGgG´Ÿi ŠmwbKG`i wbGq AGÙveGi MwVZ nq| ‰ weËGMGWi AwabvqK wQGjb mwdDÍÏvn| LvGj` ˆgvkviiGdi AwabvqKGZ½ ‘ˆK ˆdvmÆ’ MwVZ nq 4^Æ, 9g I 10g BÕ¡ ˆeãGji m`mÅG`i wbGq|

bvMvjÅvG´£i w`gvcyGi 28 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i evsjvG`k wegvbevwnbx MwVZ nq| ‰i msMVK wQGjb ‰qvi KGgvWi ‰.ˆK L±`Kvi| ˆÕ•vqvWÈb wjWvi myjZvb gvngy`, dÑvBU ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ e`i‚j Avjg, KÅvG¶Ÿb LvGjK, mvîvi, kvnveywób, gywKZ, AvKivg, kidzwób ‰es 67 Rb wegvbGmbv wbGq evsjvG`k wegvbevwnbxi hvòv ÷i‚ nq| ZvG`i mÁ¼j wQj gvò KGqKwU WvGKvUv, AUvi UvBc wegvb ‰es AÅvjyGfU ˆnwjK¶Ÿvi| Abyi…cfvGe, cvwKÕ¦vb ˆbŒevwnbx ˆ^GK ˆewiGq Avmv ˆbŒGmbvG`i wbGq evsjvG`k ˆbŒevwnbx MwVZ nq| 1971 mvGji 9 bGfÁ¼i cÉ^g ˆbŒeni ‘eãe®¬z ˆbŒeni’ DG«¼vab Kiv nq| ‰GZ A¯¦fzÆî× wQj gvò 6wU ˆQvU ˆbŒhvb|

wbqwgZ weËGMW, ˆmÙi UÇyc I ˆMwijv evwnbx, evsjvG`k wegvbevwnbx ‰es evsjvG`k ˆbŒevwnbx wbGq evsjvG`k mkÕ¨ evwnbx mymsMwVZ wQj| gywî×evwnbx ÷i‚GZ cÉwZGivagƒjK AGbKàwj hyG«¬ kò‚i wei‚G«¬ mdjfvGe jovB KGi| wK¯§ A͸ mgGqi gGaÅ ZvG`i mvgwqK cøv`cmiY KiGZ nq| gywî×evwnbx AekÅ cGi msMwVZ nGq D®²ZZi AÕ¨kÕ¨ wbGq ‰KvîGii ‰wcÉj-ˆg gvGmi ci ˆ^GK be Dóxcbvq hyG«¬ AeZxYÆ nq|
	gywî×Ghv«¬vG`i nvGZ e±`x nvbv`vi evwnbx

evsjvG`Gki gywî×hy«¬ PjvKvGj Av¯¦RÆvwZK chÆvGq gvwKÆb hyî×ivÓ¡Ë I MYcÉRvZ¯¨x Pxb cvwKÕ¦vbGK ˆKŒkjMZ mg^Æb ˆ`q| cÞv¯¦Gi, fviZ, ˆmvwfGqZ BDwbqb I ZvG`i wgò ˆ`kmgƒn ‰es Rvcvb I cwøGgi AGbK ˆ`Gki mvaviY RbMY evsjvG`Gki cGÞ AeÕ©vb ˆbq| Pxb-hyî×ivÓ¡Ë-cvwKÕ¦vb AGÞi wei‚G«¬ ˆKŒkjMZ myweav ARÆGbi jGÞÅ 1971 mvGji 9 AvMÕ¡ fviZ miKvi ˆmvwfGqZ BDwbqGbi mGã ‰KwU ŠgòxPzwî× Õ¼vÞi KGi| ‰ Pzwî× Õ¼vÞwiZ nIqvq evsjvG`Gki Õ¼vaxbZv hyG«¬ ‰K bZzb gvòv ˆhvM nq|

‰w`GK gywî×evwnbxi m`i`µ¦Gi cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅG`i wei‚G«¬ jovBGqi ˆKŒkj cy›Lvbycy›L weGkÏlY Kiv nq| wPivPwiZ iYGKŒkj cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅG`i civwRZ Kivi cGÞ AbyK„j nGe bv ˆfGe mvivG`Gk meÆvZÄK ˆMwijv hy«¬ cwiPvjbvi wm«¬v¯¦ M†nxZ nq| ˆmgGZ ˆmÙi Kgv´£viG`i ˆ`Gki Afů¦i ˆ^GK gywî×Ghv«¬v wiò×zU KGi cÉGqvRbxq cÉwkÞY w`Gq ˆMwijv ˆhv«¬v wnGmGe wbGqvGMi wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nq|

1971 mvGji bGfÁ¼i gvGm gywî×evwnbx I fviZxq evwnbxi ˆhŒ^ Kgv´£ MwVZ nq| fviZxq ˆmbvevwnbxi cƒeÆvçjxq KgÅvG´£i AwabvqK ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij RMwRr wms AGiviv ˆhŒ^ evwnbxi cÉavb wbhyî× nb| AekÅ 3 wWGmÁ¼i m®¬Åvq Ag†Zmi, kÉxbMi I KvkÄxi DcZÅKvq cvwKÕ¦vb wegvbevwnbxi ˆevgv elÆGYi ci ˆ^GKB gywî×evwnbx I fviZxq evwnbxi ˆhŒ^ Kgv´£ KvhÆKi f„wgKv MÉnY KGi| ZLbB fviZxq mkÕ¨ evwnbxi Dci wbG`Æk AvGm cvwKÕ¦vwb ˆmbvevwnbxGK cÉZÅvNvZ Kivi| gywî×evwnbx I fviZxq ˆmbvevwnbx evsjvG`Gki Afů¦Gi ò×gk AMÉmi nGZ ^vGK| dGj cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅG`i civRq I AvZÄmgcÆY AwbevhÆ nGq IGV| evsjvG`k mÁ·ƒYÆ kò‚gyî× nIqvi cÉvØvGj RvwZmsN wbivcîv cwilG` ‰KwU hy«¬ weiwZi cÉÕ¦ve Dïvcb Kiv nq| ˆmvwfGqZ BDwbqb ‰GZ ˆfGUv cÉGqvM Kivq ‰B cÉGPÓ¡v bmÅvr nGq hvq|

fviZxq ŠmbÅ ‰es ‰MvGiv bÁ¼i ˆmÙGii gywî×Ghv«¬viv 14 wWGmÁ¼i XvKvi Uãxi KvGQ ˆcuŒGQ| 16 wWGmÁ¼i mKvGj Zviv mvfvGi AeÕ©vb ˆbq| cvwKÕ¦vb ˆmbvevwnbxi 36 bÁ¼i wWwfkGbi AwabvqK ˆgRi ˆRbvGij RgGk` XvKv bMixi mw®²KGU gxicyi ˆmZzi KvGQ fviZxq AwabvqK ˆgRi ˆRbvGij bvMivGK AfÅ^Æbv Rvbvb| mKvj `kUvq gywî×evwnbx I fviZxq ŠmbÅiv XvKvq cÉGek KGi| fviZxq ˆmbvevwnbxi cƒeÆvçjxq KgvG´£i Pxd Ae Õ¡vd ˆgRi ˆRbvGij RÅvKe cvwKÕ¦vwb evwnbxi AvZÄmgcÆGYi Lmov `wjj wbGq Acivn° ‰K NwUKvq XvKv wegvbe±`Gi AeZiY KGib| ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij AGiviv ‰K ˆnwjK¶Ÿvi enGi Zuvi mnKgÆxG`i wbGq weKvj PviUvq XvKv wegvbe±`Gi ˆcuŒGQb| gywî×evwnbxi cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGib ˆWcywU Pxd Ae Õ¡vd MÉ‚c-KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰.ˆK L±`Kvi| civwRZ cvwKÕ¦vwb AwabvqK ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij ‰.‰.ˆK wbqvRx ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij AGivivGK AvZÄmgcÆYmƒPK AfÅ^Æbv Rvbvb|

AvñmgcGYÆi `wjGj Õ¼vÞi KiGQb ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij RMwRr wms AGiviv ‰es ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij wbqvRx

1971 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i weKvj cuvPUv ‰K wgwbGU igbv ˆimGKvGmÆ (eZÆgvb ˆmvnivIqv`Æx D`Åvb) ˆhŒ^ KgÅvG´£i cGÞ ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij RMwRr wms AGiviv ‰es cvwKÕ¦vb evwnbxi cƒeÆvçjxq KgÅvG´£i cGÞ ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆRbvGij wbqvRx cvwKÕ¦vGbi AvZÄmgcGÆYi `wjGj Õ¼vÞi KGib|  [iwdKzj Bmjvg]

gywî×hyG«¬i iYvãb (ˆmÙi)  1971 mvGj evsjvG`Gki gywî×hy«¬ cwiPvjbvi mvgwiK ˆKŒkj wnGmGe ZrKvjxb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi mgMÉ ˆfŒGMvwjK ‰jvKvGK 11wU ˆmÙi ev iYvãGb fvM Kiv nq| cÉwZ ˆmÙGi ‰KRb ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi (AwabvqK) wbGqvM Kiv nq| hy«¬ cwiPvjbvi myweavi RbÅ cÉwZwU ˆmÙiGK KGqKwU mve-ˆmÙGi wefî× Kiv nq ‰es cÉwZwU mve-ˆmÙGi ‰KRb KGi Kgv´£vi wbGqvwRZ nb|

1bs ˆmÙi  PëMÉvg I cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg ˆRjv ‰es ˆbvqvLvwj ˆRjvi gyüix b`xi cƒeÆvsGki mgMÉ ‰jvKv wbGq MwVZ| ‰ ˆmÙGii ˆnWGKvqvUÆvi wQj nwibvGZ| ˆmÙi cÉavb wQGjb cÉ^Gg ˆgRi wRqvDi ingvb ‰es cGi ˆgRi iwdKzj Bmjvg| ‰B ˆmÙGii cuvPwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ZuvG`i Kgv´£viG`i bvg) nGœQ:

FwlgyL (KÅvG¶Ÿb kvgmyj Bmjvg); kÉxbMi (KÅvG¶Ÿb gwZDi ingvb ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb gvndzRyi ingvb);gbyNvU (KÅvG¶Ÿb gvndzRyi ingvb); ZejQwo (myGe`vi Avjx ˆnvGmb); ‰es wWgvwMix (R‹bK myGe`vi)| ‰B ˆmÙGi B.wc.Avi, cywjk, ˆmbvevwnbx, ˆbŒevwnbx I wegvbevwnbxi m`mÅG`i mg¯¼Gq MwVZ evwnbxGZ ŠmbÅ msLÅv wQj cÉvq `yB nvRvi ‰es MYevwnbxi msLÅv wQj cÉvq AvU nvRvi| ‰B evwnbxi ˆMwijvG`i 137wU MÉ‚Gc ˆ`Gki Afů¦Gi cvVvGbv nq|

2 bs ˆmÙi  XvKv, KzwgÍÏv, dwi`cyi ‰es ˆbvqvLvwj ˆRjvi Ask wbGq MwVZ| ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi wQGjb cÉ^Gg ˆgRi LvGj` ˆgvkviid ‰es cGi ˆgRi ‰.wU.‰g nvq`vi| ‰B ˆmÙGii AaxGb cÉvq 35 nvRvGii gGZv ˆMwijv hy«¬ KGiGQ| wbqwgZ evwnbxi msLÅv wQj cÉvq 6 nvRvi| ‰B ˆmÙGii QqwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmMywji Kgv´£viG`i bvg) nGœQ:

MãvmvMi, AvLvDov I Kmev (gvneye ‰es cGi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ dvi‚K I ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ügvqyb Kexi); g±`fve (KÅvG¶Ÿb Mvddvi); kvj`vb`x (Ave`ym mvGjK ˆPŒayix); gwZbMi (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ w``vi‚j Avjg);wbfÆqcyi (KÅvG¶Ÿb AvKei ‰es cGi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ gvn&eye); ‰es ivRbMi (KÅvG¶Ÿb Rvdi Bgvg ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb knx` I ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ Bgvgyävgvb)|

3 bs ˆmÙi  DîGi wmGjGUi P„ovgbKvwV (kÉxgãGji wbKU) ‰es `wÞGY eËvþYevoxqvi wmãviwej chƯ¦ ‰jvKv wbGq MwVZ nq| ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi wQGjb ˆgRi ˆK.‰g kwdDÍÏvn ‰es cGi ˆgRi ‰.‰b.‰g bƒi‚ävgvb| ‰B ˆmÙGii AaxGb 19wU ˆMwijv NuvwU MGo DGVwQj| bGfÁ¼i gvm chƯ¦ ˆMwijvi msLÅv `uvovq 30 nvRvGii gGZv| ‰B ˆmÙGii `kwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmàwji Kgv´£viG`i bvg) nGœQ:

AvkÉgevwo (KÅvG¶Ÿb AvwRR ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰RvR); evNvBevwo (KÅvG¶Ÿb AvwRR ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰RvR); nvZKvUv (KÅvG¶Ÿb gwZDi ingvb); wmgjv (KÅvG¶Ÿb gwZb); cçeUx (KÅvG¶Ÿb bvwmg); gbZjv(KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰g.‰m.‰ f„uBqv); weRqbMi (‰g.‰m.‰ fuƒBqv); KvjvQov (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ gRyg`vi); KjKwjqv(ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ˆMvjvg ˆnjvj ˆgviGk`); ‰es evgywUqv (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ mvC`)|

4bs ˆmÙi  DîGi wmGjU ˆRjvi nweMé gnKzgv ˆ^GK `wÞGY KvbvBNvU cywjk ˆÕ¡kb chƯ¦ 100 gvBj weÕ¦†Z mxgv¯¦ ‰jvKv wbGq MwVZ| ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi wQGjb ˆgRi wPîiéb `î ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰ ie| ˆnWGKvqvUÆvi wQj cÉ^Gg KwigMé ‰es cGi gvwmgcyGi| ˆmÙGi ˆMwijvi msLÅv wQj cÉvq 9 nvRvi ‰es wbqwgZ evwnbx wQj cÉvq 4 nvRvi| ‰B ˆmÙGii QqwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmàwji Kgv´£viG`i bvg) nGœQ:

Rvjvjcyi (gvmy`yi ie kv`x); eocyéx (KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰. ie); Avgjvwm` (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ Rwni); KzwKZj (dÑvBU ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ KvG`i ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb kwidzj nK); ŠKjvk kni (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ DqvwKDävgvb); ‰esKgjcyi (KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰bvg)|

5 bs ˆmÙi  wmGjU ˆRjvi `yMÆvcyi ˆ^GK WvDwK (Zvgvwej) ‰es ‰i cƒeÆmxgv chƯ¦ ‰jvKv wbGq MwVZ| ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi wQGjb ˆgRi gxi kIKZ Avjx| ˆnW ˆKvqvUÆvi wQj euvkZjvGZ| ‰B ˆmÙGii QqwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmàwji Kgv´£viG`i bvg) nGœQ:

gyî×vcyi (myGe`vi bwRi ˆnvGmb ‰es ˆmGK´£ Bb Kgv´£ ‰d.‰d. dvi‚K); WvDwK (myGe`vi ˆgRi we.Avi ˆPŒayix); ˆkjv (KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆnjvj; mnGhvMx Kgv´£vi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ gvneyevi ingvb ‰es ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ Ave`yi iDd); ˆfvjvMé (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ZvGni Dwób AvLéx; mnGhvMx Kgv´£vi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ‰m.‰g LvGj`);evjvU (myGe`vi Mwb ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb mvjvDwób I ‰d.‰d ‰bvgyj nK ˆPŒayix); ‰es eoQov (KÅvG¶Ÿb gymwjg Dwób)|

6 bs ˆmÙi  iscyi ˆRjv ‰es w`bvRcyi ˆRjvi AskweGkl wbGq MwVZ nq| ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi wQGjb DBs Kgv´£vi ‰g.ˆK evkvi| ˆmÙGii ˆnWGKvqvUÆvi wQj cvUMÉvGgi wbKU eyoxgvwiGZ| Ryb gvGm ˆmÙGii ŠmbÅmsLÅv wQj 700 ‰es ‰G`i cÉvq meB wQj B.wc.Avi evwnbxi m`mÅ| wWGmÁ¼i chƯ¦ ˆmÙGii ŠmbÅmsLÅv `uvovq cÉvq 11 nvRvi| ‰B ˆmÙGii cuvPwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmàwji Kgv´£viG`i bvg) nGœQ:

fRbcyi (KÅvG¶Ÿb bRi‚j ‰es cGi ˆÕ•vqvWÈb jxWvi m`iDwób I KÅvG¶Ÿb kvnwiqvi); cvUMÉvg (cÉ^Gg KGqKRb B.wc.Avi Rywbqi Kwgk´£ AwdmviMY Kgv´£ KGib| cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb gwZDi ingvb ‰B mve-ˆmÙGii `vwqZ½ ˆbb, mvGneMé (KÅvG¶Ÿb bIqvGRk Dwób); ˆgvMjnvU (KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆ`jIqvi); ‰es wPjvnvwU(dÑvBU ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ BKevj)|

7 bs ˆmÙi  ivRkvnx, cvebv, eàov ‰es w`bvRcyi ˆRjvi AskweGkl wbGq MwVZ nq| ˆmÙi cÉavb wQGjb ˆgRi bvRgyj nK ‰es cGi myGe`vi ˆgRi ‰.ie I ˆgRi KvRx bƒi‚ävgvb| ‰B ˆmÙGii ˆnWGKvqvUÆvi wQj Ziãcyi| cÉvq 15 nvRvi gywî×Ghv«¬v ‰B ˆmÙGi hy«¬ KGi| wbqwgZ evwnbxi ŠmbÅmsLÅv wQj cÉvq 2,500 ‰es 12,500 wQj MYevwnbxi m`mÅ| ‰B ˆmÙGii AvUwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmàwji KgvíviG`i bvg) nGœQ:

gvjb (B.wc.Avi ˆR.wm.I-MY ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb gwnDwób Rvnvãxi); Zcb (ˆgRi bRgyj nK ‰es cGi KGqKRb B.wc.Avi ˆR.wm.I); ˆgGn`xcyi (myGe`vi Bwjqvm ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb gwnDóxb Rvnvãxi);nvgRvcyi (KÅvG¶Ÿb Bw`Ëm); Avwãbvev` (‰KRb MYevwnbxi m`mÅ); ˆkLcvov (KÅvG¶Ÿb ikx`); ˆVvKivevwo(myGe`vi ˆgvqvGäg); ‰es jvjGMvjv (KÅvG¶Ÿb wMqvmDwób ˆPŒayix)|

8bs ˆmÙi  ‰wcÉj gvGm ‰B ˆmÙGii AcvGikbvj ‰jvKv wQj KzwÓ¡qv, hGkvi, Lyjbv, ewikvj, dwi`cyi I cUzqvLvwj ˆRjv| ˆg gvGmi ˆkGl AcvGikb ‰jvKv mâzwPZ KGi KzwÓ¡qv I hGkvi ˆRjv, Lyjbv ˆRjvm`i, mvZÞxiv gnKzgv ‰es dwi`cyGii Dîivsk wbGq ‰B ˆmÙi cybMÆwVZ nq| ‰B ˆmÙGii cÉavb wQGjb ˆgRi Avey Imgvb ˆPŒayix ‰es cGi ˆgRi ‰g.‰ géyi| ‰B ˆmÙGii ˆnWGKvqvUÆvi ˆebvGcvGj ^vKGjI KvhÆZ ˆnWGKvqvUÆvGii ‰KUv weivU Ask wQj fviGZi KjÅvYx knGi| ˆmÙGii ŠmbÅG`i gGaÅ 2 nvRvGii gGZv wQj wbqwgZ evwnbx ‰es 8 nvRvi wQj MYevwnbx| ‰B ˆmÙGii mvZwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmàwji KgvíviG`i bvg) nGœQ:

eqiv (KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆLv±`Kvi bRgyj ü`v); nvwKgcyi (KÅvG¶Ÿb kwdK DÍÏvn); ˆfvgiv (KÅvG¶Ÿb mvjvnDwób ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb kvnveyóxb); jvjevRvi (KÅvG¶Ÿb ‰.Avi Avhg ˆPŒayix); evbcyi (KÅvG¶Ÿb gyÕ¦vwdRyi ingvb); ˆebvGcvj (KÅvG¶Ÿb Ave`yj nvwjg ‰es cGi KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆZŒwdK-B-‰jvnx ˆPŒayix); wkKvicyi(KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆZŒwdK-B-‰jvnx ˆPŒayix ‰es cGi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ Rvnvãxi)|

9 bs ˆmÙi  ewikvj I cUzqvLvwj ˆRjv ‰es Lyjbv I dwi`cyi ˆRjvi AskweGkl wbGq MwVZ| ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi wQGjb ˆgRi ‰g.‰ Rwjj ‰es cGi ˆgRi ‰g.‰ géyi (AwZwiî× `vwqZ½) I ˆgRi Rqbvj AvGe`xb| ‰B ˆmÙiGK UvwK, wnãjMé I kgGmibMi wZbwU mve-ˆmÙGi wefî× Kiv nq|

10 bs ˆmÙi  ˆbŒ-KgvG´£v evwnbx wbGq ‰B ˆmÙi MwVZ nq| ‰B evwnbx MVGbi DG`Åvî×v wQGjb dÌvG´Ö cÉwkÞYiZ cvwKÕ¦vb ˆbŒevwnbxi AvU Rb evOvwj ˆbŒ-KgÆKZÆv| ‰uiv wQGjb Pxd ˆcwU Awdmvi MvRx ˆgvnvÁÃ` ingZDÍÏvn, ˆcwU Awdmvi Šmq` ˆgvkviid ˆnvGmb, ˆcwU Awdmvi Avwgb DÍÏvn ˆkL, ‰g.B-1 Avnmvb DÍÏvn, Avi.I-1 ‰.WweÐD.ˆPŒayix, ‰g.B-1 ew`Dj Avjg, B.‰b-1 ‰.Avi wgqv, ‰es Õ¡zqvWÆ-1 AvGe`yi ingvb| ‰B AvURb evOvwj bvweKGK fviZxq ˆbŒevwnbxi eÅeÕ©vcbvq w`wÍÏi cvk¼ÆeZÆx hgybv b`xGZ weGkl ˆbŒ-cÉwkÞY ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰i `vwqGZ½ wQGjb fviZxq ˆbŒevwnbxi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ‰m.ˆK `vm| cGi fviZxq Kgv´£vi ‰g.‰b myg¯¦ ˆbZ‡Z½ ˆ`b|

11 bs ˆmÙi  gqgbwmsn ‰es UvãvBj ˆRjv wbGq MwVZ| ˆmÙi Kgv´£vi wQGjb ˆgRi ‰g. Avey ZvGni| ˆgRi ZvGni hyG«¬ ài‚Zi AvnZ nGj ˆÕ•vqvWÈb jxWvi nvwg`yÍÏvnGK ˆmÙGii `vwqZ½ ˆ`Iqv nq| gGn±`ÊMé wQj ˆmÙGii ˆnWGKvqvUÆvi| ‰B ˆmÙGi cÉvq 25 nvRvi gywî×Ghv«¬v hy«¬ KGiGQ| ‰B ˆmÙGii AvUwU mve-ˆmÙi (I ˆmàwji Kgv´£viG`i bvg) nGœQ:

gvbKviPi (ˆÕ•vqvWÈb jxWvi nvwg`yÍÏvn); gGn±`ÊMé (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ gv®²vb); cyivLvwmqv (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ nvGkg); Xvjy (ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ ZvGni ‰es cGi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ Kvgvj); isiv (KÅvG¶Ÿb gwZDi ingvb);wkeevwo (KGqKRb B.wc.Avi ˆR.wm.I); evMgviv (KGqKRb B.wc.Avi ˆR.wm.I); ‰es gGnkGLvjv(R‹bK B.wc.Avi m`mÅ)|  [Šmq`v ggZvR wkixb]